The combined municipal assessment arrives as a single letter with an alarming total, which is why it reads as one enormous tax rather than the several separate charges it actually is. Which of those charges land on a tenant and which belong to the owner is the part that most often goes unchecked.
That bill bundles a few different local charges, and which ones apply depends on whether you own or rent. OZB (property tax, onroerendezaakbelasting) is the owner's bill — if you're a tenant and see it charged to you, that's worth flagging with the municipality, since it shouldn't be. What tenants do pay is afvalstoffenheffing (waste collection levy) and often rioolheffing (sewage charge), set per municipality and sometimes scaled to household size — combined they commonly land somewhere in the €300–450 a year range, though it varies a lot by city. If your income is low, you can apply for kwijtschelding, a partial or full waiver of these municipal charges, tested against income and savings; most municipalities have an online form for it. The assessment usually arrives as one combined letter (aanslag) even though it covers multiple separate charges, which is part of why it looks like a lot at once rather than a series of smaller bills.